Experience teaches. [ Proverb ]
Accumulated wisdom.
Experience makes us wise. [ Hazlitt ]
A sadder and a wiser man.
He rose the morrow morn. [ Coleridge ]
His labor is a chant.
His idleness a tune;
Oh, for a bee's experience
Of clovers and of noon! [ Emily Dickinson ]
Believe one who has tried it. [ Virgil ]
Long experience made him sage. [ Gay ]
Dexterity comes by experience. [ Proverb ]
Years teach us more than books. [ Auerbach ]
Experience makes even fools wise. [ Proverb ]
Experience is a dumb, dead thing;
The victory's in believing. [ Lowell ]
Experience perfects speculations. [ Proverb ]
Long-travelled in the ways of men. [ Young ]
Experience is the teacher of fools. [ Livy ]
Great men never require experience. [ Beaconsfield ]
Experience is the mother of custom. [ Henry Ward Beecher ]
Experience joined with commonsense.
To mortals is a providence. [ Green ]
Experience is retrospect knowledge. [ Hosea Ballou ]
Believe one who has had experience. [ Virgil ]
No man can antedate his experience. [ Ralph Waldo Emerson ]
He who has had experience is afraid. [ Horace ]
Experience is the mistress of fools. [ Proverb ]
Art helps Nature, and Experience Art. [ Proverb ]
Experience - the shroud of illusions. [ De Finod ]
Men may rise on steppingstones
Of their dead selves to higher things. [ Tennyson ]
Experience is the extract of suffering. [ Arthur Helps ]
The finest poetry was first experience. [ Emerson ]
Only so much do I know, as I have lived. [ Emerson ]
Who heeds not experience, trust him not. [ John Boyle O'Reilly ]
I know
The past and thence I will essay to glean
A warning for the future, so that man
May profit by his errors, and derive
Experience from his folly;
For, when the power of imparting joy
Is equal to the will, the human soul
Requires no other heaven. [ Shelley ]
Judgment is forced upon us by experience. [ Johnson ]
Experience is the grand spiritual doctor. [ Carlyle ]
Experience is the only genuine knowledge. [ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ]
Making all futures fruits of all the past. [ Edwin Arnold ]
Experience is by industry achieved,
And perfected by the swift course of time. [ William Shakespeare, Two Gentleman of Verona ]
Bill Dickey is learning me his experience. [ Yogi Berra ]
Alas, could experience be bought for gold! [ Mme. Deluzy ]
He jests at scars, that never felt a wound. [ William Shakespeare ]
The bitter past, more welcome is the sweet. [ William Shakespeare ]
Experience is good, if not bought too dear. [ Proverb ]
The ever-burning lamp of accumulated wisdom. [ G. W. Curtis ]
Prudence, like experience, must be paid for. [ Sheridan ]
Experience is the only prophecy of wise men. [ Lamartine ]
All is but lip-wisdom, that wants experience. [ Proverb ]
All is but lip wisdom which wants experience. [ Sir Philip Sidney ]
Experience, next, to thee I owe,
Best guide; not following thee, I had remained
In ignorance; thou open'st wisdom's way.
And giv'st access, though secret she retire. [ Milton ]
God sends experience to paint men's portraits. [ Henry Ward Beecher ]
Experience is the great baffler of speculation. [ Proverb ]
It is greatly wise to talk with our past hours,
And ask them what report they bore to heaven. [ Young ]
Bought wit is best, (i.e. bought by experience). [ Proverb ]
Experience is a question of instinct about life. [ Oscar Wilde, Lady Windemere's Fan ]
Oh, who can tell, save he whose heart hath tried? [ Byron ]
What man would be wise, let him drink of the river
That bears on his bosom the record of time;
A message to him every wave can deliver
To teach him to creep till he knows how to climb. [ John Boyle O'Reilly ]
What! wouldst thou have a serpent sting thee twice? [ William Shakespeare ]
Memory is the granary of the mind, and of experience. [ O. Commettant ]
He teaches best.
Who feels the hearts of all men in his breast,
And knows their strength or weakness through his own. [ Bayard Taylor ]
Experience is our only teacher both in war and peace. [ Landor ]
Behold, we live through all things, - famine, thirst,
Bereavement, pain; all grief and misery.
All woe and sorrow; life inflicts its worst
On soul and body, - but we cannot die.
Though we be sick, and tired, and faint, and worn, -
Lo, all things can be borne! [ Elizabeth Akers Allen ]
Religion - that voice of the deepest human experience. [ Matthew Arnold ]
Alas! how enthusiasm decreases as experience increases! [ Mme. Louise Colet ]
Experience teaches slowly, and at the cost of mistakes. [ James A. Froude ]
Experience converts us to ourselves when books fail us. [ A. B. Alcott ]
Science is the systematic classification of experience. [ G. H. Lewes ]
Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. [ Bacon ]
To wilful men. The injuries that they themselves procure
Must be their school-masters. [ William Shakespeare ]
Alas! innocence is but a poor substitute for experience. [ Edward Bulwer-Lytton ]
Experience is no more transferable in morals than in art. [ Froude ]
Each succeeding day is the scholar of that which preceded. [ Publius Syrus ]
Man knows nothing but what he has learned from experience. [ Wieland ]
Experience is the father of Wisdom, and Memory the mother. [ Proverb ]
Experience finds few of the scenes that lively hope designs. [ Crabbe ]
Perfect experience must itself embrace theoretical knowledge. [ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ]
That experience which does not make us better makes us worse. [ J. Petit-Senn ]
To Truth's house there is a single door, which is Experience. [ Bayard Taylor ]
Experience teacheth us that resolution is a sole help in need. [ William Shakespeare ]
In almost everything, experience is more valuable than precept. [ Quintilian ]
One thorn of experience is worth a whole wilderness of warning. [ Lowell ]
Experience is always sowing the seed of one thing after another. [ Manilius ]
We gain justice, judgment, with years, or else years are in vain. [ Owen Meredith ]
Is there any one so wise as to learn by the experience of others? [ Voltaire ]
What we gain by experience is not worth what we lose in illusion. [ J. Petit-Senn ]
Dexterity or experience no master can communicate to his disciple. [ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ]
Our ancestors have travelled the iron age; the golden is before us. [ Bernardin de St. Pierre ]
Experience is the name men give to their follies, or their sorrows. [ A. de Musset ]
How hast thou purchased this experience? By my penny of observation. [ William Shakespeare ]
He gains wisdom in a happy way who gains it by another's experience. [ Plautus ]
A man exercising no forethought will soon experience present sorrow. [ Confucius ]
Theories are very thin and unsubstantial; experience only is tangible. [ Hosea Ballou ]
We are often prophets to others only because we are our own historians. [ Mme. Swetchine ]
Experience takes dreadfully high school-wages, but teaches as no other. [ Carlyle ]
To overcome difficulties is to experience the full delight of existence. [ Arthur Schopenhauer ]
It is the nature of experience to come to us only when too late for use. [ Mme. de Rieux ]
I had rather have a fool to make me merry than experience to make me sad. [ William Shakespeare ]
Experience teaches fools, and he is a great one that will not learn by it. [ Proverb ]
To some purpose is that man wise who gains his wisdom at another's expense. [ Plautus ]
What is every year of a wise man's life but a censure or critic on the past? [ Pope ]
Experience is a text to which reflection and knowledge supply the commentary. [ Arthur Schopenhauer ]
Experience makes us see a wonderful difference between devotion and goodness. [ Pascal ]
Experience wounded is the school where man learns piercing wisdom out of smart. [ Lord Brooke ]
How many persons fancy they have experience simply because they have grown old! [ Stanislaus ]
Experience teaches that a strong memory is generally joined to a weak judgment. [ Montaigne ]
The wisdom of the wise and the experience of ages may be preserved by quotation. [ Isaac Disraeli ]
Experience does take dreadfully high school-wages, but he teaches like no other. [ Carlyle ]
Experience is a keen knife that hurts, while it extracts the cataract that blinds. [ De Finod ]
Cautious age suspects the flattering form, and only credits what experience tells. [ Johnson ]
History should be to the political economist a wellspring of experience and wisdom. [ Gibbon ]
Experience, that chill touchstone whose sad proof reduces all things from their hue. [ Byron ]
I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. [ Patrick Henry ]
Observation more than books, experience rather than persons, are the prime educators. [ A. Bronson Alcott ]
Children are like grown people; the experience of others is never of any use to them. [ Daudet ]
Travel in the younger sort is a part of education; in the older, a part of experience. [ Bacon ]
Can one better expiate his sins than by enlisting his experience in the service of morals. [ De Bernard ]
Good sense, disciplined by experience and inspired by goodness, issues in practical wisdom. [ Samuel Smiles ]
Experience is a jewel, and it had need be so, for it is often purchased at an infinite rate. [ William Shakespeare ]
Never argue with idiots. They will drag you down to their level and beat you with experience [ Mark Twain ]
The experience of others adds to our knowledge, but not to our wisdom; that is dearer-bought. [ Hosea Ballou ]
Everything is worth seeing once, and the more one sees the less one either wonders or admires. [ Chesterfield ]
Nobody will use other people's experience, nor have any of his own till it is too late to use it. [ Hawthorne ]
Experience is a grindstone; and it is lucky for us, if we can get brightened by it, and not ground. [ Henry Wheeler Shaw (pen name Josh Billings) ]
Skill is the united force of experience, intellect and passion in their operation on manual labour. [ John Ruskin ]
I have learned by experience that no man's character can be eventually injured but by his own acts. [ Rowland Hill ]
The resistance of a woman is not always a proof of her virtue, but more frequently of her experience. [ Ninon de Lenclos ]
I scarcely exceed the middle age of man; yet between infancy and maturity I have seen ten revolutions! [ Lamartine ]
The less one sees and knows men, the higher one esteems them; for experience teaches their real value. [ Marguerite de Valois ]
To most men experience is like the stern lights of a ship, which illumine only the track it has passed. [ Coleridge ]
My experience is that as soon as people are old enough to know better, they don't know anything at all. [ Oscar Wilde, Lady Windemere's Fan ]
Experience to most men is like the stern-lights of a ship, which illumine only the track it has passed. [ Coleridge ]
Too high an appreciation of our own talents is the chief cause why experience preaches to us all in vain. [ Colton ]
Experience is the common schoolhouse of fools and ill men. Men of wit and honesty be otherwise instructed. [ Erasmus ]
Experience teaches us again and again that there is nothing men have less command over than their tongues. [ Spinoza ]
In love, as in everything else, experience is a physician who never comes until after the disorder is cured. [ Mme. de la Tour ]
I think there are stores laid up in our human nature that our understandings can make no complete inventory of. [ George Eliot ]
My own style is the result of downright hard work. This, and the experience of life, have been my chief teachers. [ Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, The Art Of Authorship, 1891 ]
There are many truths of which the full meaning cannot be realised until personal experience has brought it home. [ J. S. Mill ]
Would they could sell us experience, though at diamond prices, but then no one would use the article second-hand! [ Balzac ]
The wise are instructed by reason, ordinary minds by experience; the stupid by necessity; and brutes by instinct. [ Cicero ]
We deem those happy who, from the experience of life, have learned to bear its ills, without being overcome by them. [ Juvenal ]
To judge human character rightly, a man may sometimes have very small experience, provided he has a very large heart. [ Edward Bulwer-Lytton ]
Oft have I thought - jabber as he will, how learned soever, man knows nothing but what he has learned from experience! [ Wieland ]
Conflicts bring experience; and experience brings that growth in grace which is not to be attained by any other means. [ Spurgeon ]
We write from aspiration and antagonism, as well as from experience. We paint those qualities which we do not possess. [ Emerson ]
To make good use of life, one should have in youth the experience of advanced years, and in old age the vigor of youth. [ Stanislaus ]
We deem those happy who, from their experience of life, have learned to bear its ills without descanting on the burden. [ Juv ]
A man who does not learn to live while he is getting a living is a poorer man after his wealth is won than he was before. [ J. G. Holland ]
Ah! the youngest heart has the same waves within it as the oldest, but without the plummet which can measure their depths. [ Richter ]
He that would be a master must draw from the life as well as copy from originals, and join theory and experience together. [ Jeremy Collier ]
Before the immense possibilities of man, all mere experience, all past biography, however spotless and sainted, shrinks away. [ Ralph Waldo Emerson ]
Travel gives a character of experience to our knowledge, and brings the figures upon the tablet of memory into strong relief. [ Tuckerman ]
A mind full of knowledge is a mind that never fails. Our knowledge is the amassed thought and experience of innumerable minds. [ Emerson ]
One can never know at the first moment what may, at a future time, separate itself from the rough experience as true substance. [ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ]
Some are brave men one day and cowards another, as great captains have often told me, from their own experience and observation. [ Sir W. Temple ]
Human wisdom is the aggregate of all human experience, constantly accumulating and selecting and reorganizing its own materials. [ Judge Joseph Story ]
Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal. The winner is he who gives himself to his work, body and soul. [ Charles Buxton ]
Fickleness has its rise in the experience of the deceptiveness of present pleasures, and in ignorance of the vanity of absent ones. [ Pascal ]
Wise men are instructed by reason; men of less understanding, by experience; the most ignorant, by necessity; and beasts, by nature. [ Cicero ]
Thou shalt know by experience how salt the savor is of other's bread, and how sad a path it is to climb and descend another's stairs. [ Dante ]
Be not liquorish after fame, found by experience to carry a trumpet, that doth for the most part congregate more enemies than friends. [ Osborn ]
To have a true idea of man or of life, one must have stood himself on the brink of suicide, or on the doorsill of insanity, at least once. [ Taine ]
Experience is of no ethical value, it is simply the name we give our mistakes. It demonstrates that the future will be the same as the past. [ Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Grey ]
There is no merit where there is no trial; and, till experience stamps the mark of strength, cowards may pass for heroes, faith for falsehood. [ Aaron Hill ]
We know the effects of many things, but the cause of few; experience, therefore, is a surer guide than imagination, and inquiry than conjecture. [ Colton ]
In all instances where our experience of the past has been extensive and uniform, our judgment concerning the future amounts to moral certainty. [ Beattie ]
It may serve as a comfort to us in all our calamities and afflictions that he that loses anything and gets wisdom by it is a gainer by the loss. [ L'Estrange ]
What matters it that a soldier has a sword of dazzling finish, of the keenest edge, and finest temper, if he has never learned the art of fence. [ William Matthews ]
Experience only can teach men not to prefer what strikes them for the present moment, to what will have much greater weight with them hereafter. [ Lord Chesterfield ]
Whatever lies beyond the limits of experience, and claims another origin than that of induction and deduction from established data, is illegitimate. [ G. H. Lewes ]
The only faith that wears well and holds its color in all weathers is that which is woven of conviction, and set with the sharp mordant of experience. [ Lowell ]
The affections are the children of ignorance; when the horizon of our experience expands, and models multiply, love and admiration imperceptibly vanish. [ Beaconsfield ]
I must confess, as the experience of my own soul, that the expectation of loving my friends in heaven principally kindles my love to them while on earth. [ Richard Baxter ]
Experience is a safe light to walk by, and he is not a rash man who expects to succeed in future from the same means which have secured it in times past. [ Wendell Phillips ]
This is one of the sad conditions of life, that experience is not transmissible. No man will learn from the suffering of another; he must suffer himself. [ Aughey ]
Every man's experience of today is that he was a fool yesterday and the day before yesterday. Tomorrow he will most likely be of exactly the same opinion. [ Charles Mackay ]
The soul moralises the past in order not to be demoralised by it, and finds in the crucible of experience only the gold that she herself has poured into it. [ Amiel ]
Justness of thought and style, refinement in manners, good-breeding and politeness of every kind, can come only from the trial and experience of what is best. [ Duncan ]
Experience unveils too late the snares laid for youth; it is the white frost which discovers the spider's web when the flies are no longer there to be caught. [ J. Petit-Senn ]
Our illusions fall one after the other like the parings of fruit: the fruit is experience; its savor may be bitter, still it contains something that strengthens. [ G. de Nerval ]
The head learns new things, but the heart forevermore practices old experiences. Therefore our life is but a new form of the way men have lived from the beginning. [ Henry Ward Beecher ]
Life, whether in this world or any other, is the sum of our attainment, our experience, our character. In what other world shall we be more surely than we are here? [ Chapin ]
Character is the spiritual body of the person, and represents the individualisation of vital experience, the conversion of unconscious things into self-conscious men. [ Whipple ]
Taught by experience to know my own blindness, shall I speak as if I could not err, and as if others might not in some disputed points be more enlightened than myself? [ Channing ]
I am of opinion that there are no proverbial sayings which are not true, because they are all sentences drawn from experience itself, who is the mother of all sciences. [ Cervantes ]
That youthful fervor, which is sometimes called enthusiasm, but which is a heat of imagination subsequently discovered to be inconsistent with the experience of actual life. [ Beaconsfield ]
All my experience of the world teaches me that in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the safe side and the just side of a question is the generous side and the merciful side. [ Mrs. Jameson ]
By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is the noblest; second, by imitation, which is the easiest; and third, by experience, which is the bitterest. [ Confucius ]
A misanthrope was told of a young friend of his: Your friend has no experience of the world; he knows nothing about it.
True; but he is already as sad as if he knew all about it.
Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. [ Bacon ]
The reading of romances will always be the favorite amusement of women: old, they peruse them to recall what they have experienced; young to anticipate what they wish to experience. [ A. Ricard ]
I learn several great truths; as that it is impossible to see into the ways of futurity, that punishment always attends the villain, that love is the fond soother of the human breast. [ Goldsmith ]
I have heard with admiring submission the experience of the lady who declared that the sense of being well dressed gives a feeling of inward tranquillity which religion is powerless to bestow. [ Emerson ]
The joys of heaven are without example, above experience, and beyond imagination - for which the whole creation wants a comparison; we, an apprehension; and even the Word of God, a revelation. [ Bishop Norris ]
All truly wise thoughts have been thought already, thousands of times; but to make them truly ours, we must think them over again honestly, till they take firm root in our personal experience. [ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ]
Learn the lesson of your own pain - learn to seek God, not in any single event of past history, but in your own soul - in the constant verifications of experience, in the life of Christian love. [ Mrs. Humphry Ward ]
The petty cares, the minute anxieties, the infinite littles which go to make up the sum of human experience, like the invisible granules of powder, give the last and highest polish to a character. [ William Matthews ]
All reasoning is retrospect; it consists in the application of facts and principles previously known. This will show the very great importance of knowledge, especially of that kind called experience. [ J. Foster ]
Commonsense punishes all departures from her, by forcing those who rebel into a desperate war with all facts and experience, and into a still more terrible civil war with each other and with themselves. [ Colton ]
Tribulation worketh patience: and patience, experience; and experience, hope.
That is the order. You can not put patience and experience into a parenthesis, and, omitting them, bring hope out of tribulation. [ Alexander Maclaren ]
At the age when the faculties droop, when stern experience has destroyed all sweet illusions, man may seek solitude; but, at twenty, the affections which he is compelled to repress are a tomb in which he buries himself alive. [ E. de Girardin ]
There are many arts among men, the knowledge of which is acquired bit by bit by experience. For it is experience that causes our life to move forward by the skill we acquire, while want of experience subjects us to the effects of chance. [ Plato ]
He hazards much who depends for his learning on experience. An unhappy master, he that is only made wise by many shipwrecks; a miserable merchant, that is neither rich nor wise till he has been bankrupt. By experience we find out a short way by a long wandering. [ Roger Ascham ]
Without attempting a formal definition of the word, I am inclined to consider rhetoric, when reduced to a system in books, as a body of rules derived from experience and observation, extending to all communications by language, and designed to make it efficient. [ W. E. Channing ]
Friendship is not a state of feeling whose elements are specifically different from those which compose every other. The emotions we feel toward a friend are the same in kind with those we experience on other occasions; but they are more complex and more exalted. [ R. Hall ]
Just as a tested and rugged virtue of the moral hero is worth more than the lovely, tender, untried innocence of the child, so is the massive strength of a soul that has conquered truth for itself worth more than the soft peach-bloom faith of a soul that takes truth on trust. [ F. E. Abbot ]
Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other, and scarcely in that; for it is true, we may give advice, but we cannot give conduct. Remember this; they that will not be counseled cannot be helped. If you do not hear reason she will rap you over your knuckles. [ Benjamin Franklin ]
Not only the individual experience slowly acquired, but the accumulated experience of the race, organized in language, condensed in instruments and axioms, and in what may be called the inherited intuitions - these form the multiple unity which is expressed in the abstract term experience.
[ G. H. Lewes ]
Each successive generation plunges into the abyss of passion, without the slightest regard to the fatal effects which such conduct has produced upon their predecessors; and lament, when too late, the rashness with which they slighted the advice of experience, and stifled the voice of reason. [ Steele ]
Albeit failure in any cause produces a correspondent misery in the soul, yet it is, in a sense, the highway to success, inasmuch as every discovery of what is false leads us to seek earnestly after what is true, and every fresh experience points out some form of error which we shall afterward carefully eschew. [ Keats ]
Experience: in that all our knowledge is founded; and from that it ultimately derives itself. Our observation employed either about external or sensible objects or about the internal operations of our minds, perceived and reflected on by ourselves, is that which supplies our understandings with all the materials of thinking. [ John Locke ]
Young men are as apt to think themselves wise enough, as drunken men are to think themselves sober enough. They look upon spirit to be a much better thing than experience; which they call coldness. They are but half mistaken; for though spirit without experience is dangerous, experience without spirit is languid and ineffective. [ Chesterfield ]
The maxim of Cleobulus, Mediocrity is best,
has been long considered a universal principle, extending through the whole compass of life and nature. The experience of every age seems to have given it new confirmation, and to show that nothing, however specious or alluring, is pursued with propriety or enjoyed with safety beyond certain limits. [ Dr. Johnson ]
It is the close observation of little things which is the secret of success in business, in art. in science, and in every pursuit in life. Human knowledge is but an accumulation of small facts made by successive generations of men - the little bits of knowledge and experience carefully treasured up by them growing at length into a mighty pyramid. [ Samuel Smiles ]
An observant man, in all his intercourse with society and the world, carries a pencil constantly in his hand, and, unperceived, marks on every person and thing the figure expressive of its value, and therefore instantly on meeting that person or thing again, knows what kind and degree of attention to give it. This is to make something of experience. [ John Foster ]
The most influential books, and the truest in their influence, are works of fiction. They repeat, they re-arrange, they clarify the lessons of life; they disengage us from ourselves, they constrain us to the acquaintance of others; and they show us the web of experience, but with a singular change - that monstrous, consuming ego of ours being, nonce, struck out. [ Robert Louis Stevenson ]
The man whose bosom neither riches nor luxury nor grandeur can render happy may, with a book in his hand, forget all his torments under the friendly shade of every tree; and experience pleasures as infinite as they are varied, as pure as they are lasting, as lively as they are unfading, and as compatible with every public duty as they are contributory to private happiness. [ Zimmermann ]
If I might venture to appeal to what is so much out of fashion at Paris, I mean to experience, I should tell you that in my course I have known and, according to my measure, have cooperated with great men; and I have never yet seen any plan which has not been mended by the observations of those who were much inferior in understanding to the person who took the lead in the business. [ Burke ]
No man was ever endowed with a judgment so correct and judicious, in regulating his life, but that circumstances, time and experience would teach him something new, and apprize him that of those things with which he thought himself the best acquainted he knew nothing; and that those ideas which in theory appeared the most advantageous were found, when brought into practice, to be altogether inapplicable. [ Terence ]
Legitimately produced, and truly inspired, fiction interprets humanity, informs the understanding, and quickens the affections. It reflects ourselves, warns us against prevailing social follies, adds rich specimens to our cabinets of character, dramatizes life for the unimaginative, daguerreotypes it for the unobservant, multiplies experience for the isolated or inactive, and cheers age, retirement and invalidism with an available and harmless solace. [ Tuckerman ]
Man little knows what calamities are beyond his patience to bear till he tries them; as in ascending the heights of ambition, which look bright from below, every step we rise shows us some new and gloomy prospect of hidden disappointment; so in our descent from the summits of pleasure, though the vale of misery below may appear, at first, dark and gloomy, yet the busy mind, still attentive to its own amusement, finds, as we descend, something to flatter and to please. Still as we approach, the darkest objects appear to brighten, and the mortal eye becomes adapted to its gloomy situation. [ Goldsmith ]